DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VARIABLE SPEED DC FAN USING TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Abstract

This paper presents the design and construction of a Variable Direct Current (DC) Fan Speed Control System utilizing a Temperature Sensor. The objective of the system is to develop an efficient and responsive method for regulating the speed of a DC fan based on real-time temperature conditions. The system employs a temperature sensor to detect environmental changes, while a microcontroller processes the sensor data and adjusts the fan speed accordingly. The flexibility of the system in responding to varying temperature levels enhances its applicability in multiple scenarios, including climate control in rooms, electronics cooling, and energy conservation. The circuit was simulated, constructed, and tested by varying the surrounding temperature, and the corresponding fan speeds were recorded. Results indicated a linear relationship between temperature and fan speed, demonstrating that the constructed device performed according to the design specifications. The system automatically increased fan speed with rising temperature and reduced fan speed as the temperature decreased, exhibiting smooth switching action. The output recordings of the temperature sensor against the tachometer confirmed the sensitivity of the device, as the results consistently showed linearity. This speed control mechanism provides comfort for both domestic and industrial users, particularly in high-temperature environments and during nighttime use when the user is asleep. Furthermore, the inclusion of time and date monitoring in the circuit distinguishes this system from previous works, making it a more advanced and unique solution.